Nanotechnology Now - Press Release: UA researchers solve color mystery of blue-feathered penguins

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False-colored scanning electron micrograph of arrays of ā-keratin nanofibers found in barbs of Blue Penguin (Eudyptula minor) feathers. The fibers produce a non-iridescent structural blue color by coherent light scattering and constitute a novel morphology for feathers. Photo by Liliana D'Alba

Abstract:
Researchers from The University of Akron and their colleagues have made an out-of-the-blue discovery. They reveal that the blue color of the wing and back feathers ofsome penguin species results from the side-by-side arrangement of their nano-sized fibers.

UA researchers solve color mystery of blue-feathered penguins

Akron, OH | Posted on February 9th, 2011

The neat, organized alignment and nano scale of the fibers cause light scattering in such a way that creates a blue hue. This finding by biologist Dr. Liliana D'Alba, UA postdoctoral researcher; Dr. Matthew Shawkey, UA assistant professor of biology and integrated bioscience; and their research team colleagues Drs. Vinodkumar Saranathan, Richard Prum and Jakob Vinther,Yale University; and Dr. Julia Clarke, University of Texas at Austin, shows — for the first time ever — a new way blue is created in feathers. The researchers' finding is published in the Feb. 9, 2010 issue of the Royal Society journal Biology Letters.

The discovery could lead to new ways of growing nanofibers and open possibilities for new applications, according to Shawkey, who describes nanofibers' diverse applications, such as in flexible electronics and biomedical uses includingwound dressings and drug-delivery systems.

The researchers used light and electron microscopes to examine wing and back penguin feathers and found they contained massive numbers of fibers, nanometers in diameter and parallel-aligned.

"Optical analyses of these fibers through Fourier analysis and small-angle X-ray scattering told us that their size and arrangement cause them to scatter light in a manner that creates the blue color," Shawkey says. "For 30 years it has been thought that blue colors in feathers are only produced by cells of feather barbs in spongy layers, or matrices of keratin with nanometer-scaled pores in them. These results show that we should never stop looking just because we 'know' how something is made."

While the light scattering nanofibers is responsible for the blue color of the skin of some birds and other animals such as mandrills, this is the first time is has been found as the source of the color blue in feathers.

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About University of Akron
The University of Akron is the public research university for Northeast Ohio. The Princeton Review listed UA among the “Best in the Midwest” in its 2010 edition of Best Colleges:Region-by-Region. Approximately 29,300 students are enrolled in UA’s300 associate, bachelor’s,master’s, doctoral and law degree programs and 100 certificate programs at sites in Summit, Wayne, Medina and Holmes counties.

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