Nanotechnology Now - Press Release: "Expanding Quantum Dot Utility in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment"

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Abstract:
Quantum dots (QDs), nanoparticles that shine with extraordinary brightness when excited by light energy, have shown promise as new tools for detecting cancer at its earliest appearance, but concerns about potential toxicities have limited their clinical development. Researchers at the University of Buffalo may have found an answer to this limitation with their development of a new way to create QDs. Their work comes at an opportune time, because a team of investigators from the University of Texas at Arlington (UTA) has shown that QDs can function as nanoscale thermometers to guide the numerous nanoparticle-based thermal therapies being developed to treat cancer.

Expanding Quantum Dot Utility in Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Bethesda, MD | Posted on June 27th, 2009

Paras Prasad, Ph.D., principal investigator of the National Cancer Institute Cancer Nanotechnology Platform Partnership based at the University of Buffalo, has been developing a variety of methods for creating novel types of QDs. His most recent work, published in the journal Small, has yielded biocompatible QDs that produce no toxic effects for more than 3 months after injection. The new QDs contain a cadmium sulfide core surrounded by a thin shell of cadmium, selenium, and tellurium similar to standard QDs. However, as a finishing touch, the researchers added a rugged, water-repellant coating that prevents any of the potentially toxic metals in the QDs from leaching into the body. This coating also contains chemical groups to which targeting agents or drugs can be attached.

When these QDs are injected into mice, Dr. Prasad and his colleagues were able to image these exceedingly bright nanoparticles using near-infrared spectroscopy and determine where they accumulated in the body. Unlike standard QDs, these coated nanoparticles were less likely to accumulate in the liver and spleen. Further examination of tissues removed from the mice 100 days after injection showed that there was no tissue or cellular damage associated with QD accumulation. The researchers also report that the injected animals showed nothing but normal behavior over the duration of the study.

Meanwhile, Bumsoo Han, Ph.D., and UTA colleagues report in the Annals of Biomedical Engineering that they have used cadmium telluride/zinc sulfide QDs as nanoscale thermometers capable of measuring local changes in temperature in real time. The goal of this work is to create a measurement tool that will enable oncologists to determine whether thermal anticancer therapy is producing cell-killing temperatures throughout each treated tumor.

The operating principle for this work is that QD emissions are sensitive to the local temperature. When QDs are administered to a target tissue prior to thermal therapy, they can give a pretherapeutic reading of a temperature surrounding a tumor. During therapy, QD emissions then can be monitored to ensure that all of a tumor, including its outer edges, reach a temperature that ensures cell death. Indeed, the investigators showed that the QDs can produce a temperature map with spatial resolution that can clearly reveal those regions of tissue that have become hot enough to produce cell death.

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About National Cancer Institute
To help meet the goal of reducing the burden of cancer, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, is engaged in efforts to harness the power of nanotechnology to radically change the way we diagnose, treat and prevent cancer.

The NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer is a comprehensive, systematized initiative encompassing the public and private sectors, designed to accelerate the application of the best capabilities of nanotechnology to cancer.

Currently, scientists are limited in their ability to turn promising molecular discoveries into benefits for cancer patients. Nanotechnology can provide the technical power and tools that will enable those developing new diagnostics, therapeutics, and preventives to keep pace with today’s explosion in knowledge.

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Contacts:
National Cancer Institute
Office of Technology & Industrial Relations
ATTN: NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer
Building 31, Room 10A49
31 Center Drive , MSC 2580
Bethesda , MD 20892-2580

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