Abstract:
Crystalline graphite is routinely used to calibrate scanning tunnelling microscopes because its surface is clean and flat on the atomic scale. However, scanning tunnelling microscopes (STMs) can only detect half of the carbon atoms in the hexagonal surface unit cell. Now Stefan Hembacher and colleagues at the University of Augsburg in Germany and Stanford University in the US have designed a new low-temperature atomic force microscope that can reveal these 'hidden' atoms.